1. American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons. http://www.neurosurgery.org/pubpages/index.html, 1998.
2. An, Howard S. MD, Synopsis of Spine Surgery. Baltimore: William & Wilkins, 1998.
3. "A Patient's Guide to Anatomy and Function of the Spine." Spine University: n. pag. Online. Internet. 27 Mar. 2001.
4. Bellenir, Karen. Health Reference Series: Back & Neck Disorder Sourcebook. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1997.
5. Berkow, Robert MD, et al. eds. The Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories, 1997.
6. Bland, John H. MD. Disorders of the Cervical Spine Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1987.
7. Blauvelt, Carolyn and Nelson, Fred R.T. A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology. 6th ed.St. Louis: Mosby, 1998.
8. Boden, Scott D., MD. "Biology of Lumbar Spine Fusion and Use of Bone Graft Subsititues: Present, Future and Next Generation."
9. Boden, Scott D., MD. "The Biology of Poterolateral Lumbar Spinal Fusion."
10. Bradfors, D.S. ed., The Spine, Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997.
11. Cailliet, Rene MD. Neck and Arm Pain. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, 1981.
12. Code of Federal Regulations, Food and Drug, Title 21, Parts 800-1299. Washington: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, 1990.
13. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company, 1965.
14. Epstein, Bernard. The Spine: A Radiological Text &Atlas. Philadelphia: Lea & Febriger, 1976.
15. Fine, Judylaine. The Ultimate Back Book: Understand, Manage & Conquer Your Back Pain. Toronto: Stoddart, 1997.
16. Fishman, Loren, M.D. and Ardman, Carol. Back Pain: How to Relieve Low Back Pain & Sciatica. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997.
17. Glossary of Spinal Terminology. Park Ridge, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1985.
18. Handbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 2nd ed. Springhouse: Springhouse Corporation, 1998.
19. Hill, A.J. MD, PhD. The Patient's Guide to Anesthesia. New York: Kensington, 1999.
20. Hochschuler, Stephen MD and Reznik, Bob, MBA. Treat Your Back Pain Without Surgery. Alameda: Hunter House Publishers, 1998.
21. Johns Hopkins Health: Back Pain, What You Need to Know. Alexandria: Time Life Books, 1999.
22. Kandel, Joseph, M.D. and Sudderth, David B. M.D. Back Pain: What Works! Rocklin: Prima Publishing, 1996.
23. LaFreniere, Joan G. The Low Back Patient: Procedures for Treatment by Physical Therapy. New York: Mason Publishing U.S.A. Inc., 1979.
24. Levin-Gervasi, Stephanie. The Back Pain Sourcebook: Everything You Need to Know. Los Angeles: Lowell House-RGA Publishing Group, 1995.
25. LifeArt image copyright 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
26. Low Back Pain: Medical Diagnosis & Comprehensive Management. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunder's Co., 1995.
27. McIlwain, Harris H., M.D., Bruce, Debra Fulghum, Silverfield, Joel C., M.D., Burnette, Michael C., M.D., Germain, Bernard F., M.D. Winning With Back Pain. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.
28. The Merck Manual. West Point, PA: Merck and Co., Inc., 1997.
29. Panjabi, Manohar M. PhD, Dtech and White, Agustus A. III, MD, Dmed Sci. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1990.
30. Photo: www.comstock.com
31. Porterfield, James A. and DeRosa, Carl Mechanical Low Back Pain: Perspectives in Functional Anatomy. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1976.
32. Pulligschatz, Mary MD. Back Care Basics. Berkley: Rodmell Press, 1992.
33. Rothfeld, Glenn S., M.D. and Levert, Suzanne. Natural Medicine for Back Pain. Thorndike: G. K. Hall & Co., 1996.
34. Ruge, Daniel and Wiltse, Leon. Spinal Disorders: Diagnosis & Treatment. Philadelphia: Lea & Febriger, 1977.
35. Sammann, Patricia and YMCA of America. YMCA Healthy Back Book. New York: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1999.
36. Sandhu, Harvinder S., MD. "Spinal Applications for Recombiant Bone Morphogenetic Protien: Early Experimental Results." Los Angeles: UCLA School of Medicine.
37. Subach, Brian R., MD, Haid, Regis W., MD, Rodts, Gerald E., MD, and Kaiser, Michael G., MD. "Bone Morphogenic Protien in Spinal Fusion: Overbiew and Clinical Update."
38. Seimon, Leaonard P. Low Back Pain: Clinical Diagnosis & Management. Norwalk: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1983.
39. Steadman's Medical Dictionary. 26th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott-Raven, 1995.
40. Tollison, David, Ph.D. and Kriegel, Michael L., Ph.D. eds. Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation of Low Back Pain. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989.
41. Tollison, C. David, Ph.D. Relief From Back Pain: The Tollison Program. New York: Gardner Press, 1987.
42. Viscogliosi, A. A. An Investor's Guide to Orthopedic Terms. In M.R. Viscogliosi (Ed.), New York, NY: Martin Simpson & Company, Inc., 1992.
43. Webster's Medical Desk Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster, Inc., 1986.
44. Weinstein, James N. and Weisel, Sam W. The Lumbar Spine: The International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. New York: W. B. Saunders Co., 1990.

Unless Noted Otherwise, All Articles and Graphics Copyright © 2008, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, All Rights Reserved.
Please review our Privacy Policy, Editorial Policy, Terms Of Use, Credits or Contact Us for more information. RSS Feed

We comply with the
HONcode standard for
trustworthy health
information: verify here.